· Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
· .
学习目标:了解和反思自己的日常行为是否符合日常的一些规范并能认识一些规章制度。
主要语法点:
被动语态:
1).被动语态的构成:be +过去分词
时态在be 体现:am/is/are +done,
was/were +done,
have/has been +done
被动语态的句型:
肯定句:主语+be +过去分词+(by ~)
否定句:主语+be not +过去分词+(by ~)
一般疑问句:Be+主语+过去分词+(by ~)
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ be+主语+过去分词+
(by ~)
2) 被动语态的用法:
I.要表达"被…","受…","遭…","让…"之类的语义.
如:教师很受尊敬—The teachers are well respected.
II.强调动作承受者.如:
他远近闻名—He is known far and wide.
III.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者.如:
房子每天都有人打扫__The room is cleaned every
day.
3) 主动语态如何改为被动语态:
Children love these songs 主动语态
These songs are loved by children 被动语态
(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语
(2)动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词
(3)原来的主语,如果需要的话,放在by后面,如果没必要,可省略。
注意事项:
主动语态变成被动语态应注意事项
从主动语态到被动语态的过程中主语、谓语动词、宾语都发生变化。
注意主格与宾格的变化形式。
注意主语的人称及数的变化对be动词带来的影响。
注意be动词的时态形式取决于原主动语态的动词时态形式。
4). 被动语态的几种类型
(1)有两个宾语的句子的被动语态(直接宾语,间接宾语)
常见的接双宾语的动词有
通常这种句子可以改为以“人”当主语;和以“物”当作主语的两种被动语态。
如:He gave me a book.
-I was given a book by him. (以I做主语)
-A book was given to me by Tom. (以物book作主语)
He teaches us English.
-We are taught English by him. (以人当主语)
-English is taught us by him. (以物作主语)
(2)含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态
keep, make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足语,在被动语态中,宾语补足语位置不变。
We keep food fresh in the fridge.
主 谓 宾 宾补
-Food is kept fresh in the fridge.
I saw him go into the office building.
-He was seen to go into the office building.
英语中有“十大动词”的说法,即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch ,
see , notice ,这些词在主动句中,其后的动词不定式不加to,但变被动句时必须加to.
(3)含有短语的主动语态变被动语态
不及物动词没有宾语,因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动
词之后,其作用相当于及物动词,可以接宾语,因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时,不能去掉构
成短语动词的介词或副词
They take good care of my child.
-My child is taken good care of
他们把我的孩子照顾得很好。
I turned off the radio.
-The radio was turned off (by me)
附:动词短语的被动语态
take care of -be taken care of
cut down -be cut down
laugh at -be laughed at
look after-be looked after
下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式,不需再加-by
be covered with …用…覆盖着
be interested in …对…感兴趣
be surprised at …对…感到惊奇
be made of (from)用…制造的
(4)由情态动词形成的被动语态
含有情态动词的句子在变为被动语态时,在情态动词后面加上be动词即可,其句型如下:
肯定句:主语+情态动词(can , may , must)+be+ 过去分词…
否定句:主语+情态动词+not + be + 过去分词…
疑问句:情态动词(Can , May , Must )+主语+be+过去分词+….
如:We should allow teenagers to surf the Internet .
-Teenagers should be allowed to surf the Internet.
Can you use it ? 你会使用它吗?
-Can it be used ?
6. 不能用于被动语态的几种情况
(1)当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词时,不能改为被动语态。
他在镜中看见了自己的模样。
We often help each other.
我们常常互相帮助。
(2)当谓语是表状态的及物动词时(如have , like , take place , belong to …)
如:
I like these flowers. 我喜欢这些花。
I will have a meeting.
不说A meeting will be had. 应说A meeting will be held .
其他语法点:
1. the other day
我们还可以说the other day , morning , week , month.
不久前的一天,一个上午、一个星期、一个月等
2 concentrate on sth . 专注于某事(做某件事而不做其他事)
3 be good for 对…有好处 有益于
4 It’s a good idea for sb to do sth. 做…对…来说是个好主意
5 at present 此刻、现在=at this time , now
6 have an opportunity to do sth
7 So do we 为倒装句,其结构是So + be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,在时态上应和上一句保持一致,应翻译为“我们也是这样”。区分So we do.
8 take time to do things 花费时间做事情。
9 get/have sth done.把某事怎么样了。Get hair cut. Get eyes pierced.
10 have nothing against sth 不反对。
11 have a chance of doing sth.有机会做某事